SG90 Micro Servo Motor

WORKING PRINCIPLE: The SG90 Micro Servo Motor operates as a closed-loop control system that converts electrical signals into precise angular motion. When a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal is applied to the signal pin, the internal control circuit interprets the pulse width and drives the DC motor accordingly. A built-in potentiometer provides feedback on the shaft position, allowing the control circuit to continuously adjust the motor until the desired angle is reached. The integrated gear train reduces speed while increasing torque, enabling accurate and stable positioning typically within a 0° to 180° range.
MODULE STRUCTURE: The motor consists of a compact DC motor coupled with a gearbox and a control circuit housed in a lightweight plastic enclosure. The gearbox contains precision gears that reduce speed and amplify torque. A feedback potentiometer is connected to the output shaft to monitor its position. The unit includes three wires for power and control, and a mounting tab for easy installation in robotic assemblies, RC systems, and mechanical linkages.
PIN CONFIGURATION: The servo motor has three wires: Red – Connect to the positive terminal of the power supply, Brown – Connect to the ground or negative terminal of the power supply, Orange – Connect to the PWM signal output from a microcontroller or servo controller
INTERFACE CONNECTION: The SG90 operates using a 3.0V to 7.2V DC power supply. It is commonly interfaced with microcontrollers such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi through GPIO pins that generate PWM signals. No external motor driver is required, as the servo has an internal control circuit for position control.
OUTPUT FUNCTION: The servo provides precise angular positioning over approximately 0° to 180° (90° in each direction from the center position). It delivers a torque of about 1.2 kg-cm, making it suitable for lightweight mechanical movements requiring controlled rotation and holding capability.
OPERATING VOLTAGE: 3.0V – 7.2V DC
SIGNAL CONDITIONING: The servo is controlled using PWM signals, where the pulse width determines the angular position. Standard servo control typically uses a pulse repetition of around 50 Hz, with pulse widths varying to achieve different angles. The internal feedback mechanism ensures accurate positioning and stable operation under varying loads.
CHARACTERISTICS: Servo Type: Micro Servo Motor, Model: SG90, Gear Type: Metal Gear, Operating Voltage: 3.0V – 7.2V, Operating Speed (4.8V): 0.10 sec/60°, Torque: 1.2 kg-cm, Rotation Range: Approximately 0°–180°, Dimensions: 22.8 × 12.6 × 34.5 mm, Weight: 9 grams, Structure: Lightweight Plastic Body with Internal Feedback Potentiometer, Fast Response, High Precision, Good Holding Power
APPLICATION SCOPE: Robotics applications such as robotic arms, steering control in RC cars, CNC mechanisms, automatic door systems, pan-tilt camera mounts, educational robotics kits, and home automation systems requiring precise angular control and repeatable positioning.